When to plant · 202 cities · zones 8a–11a
When to plant basil in California
Start Genovese Basil seeds indoors around Jan 10 and transplant around Feb 21 — the California statewide median, counted from a last spring frost of Feb 7 across 1,426 ZIP codes and 311 NOAA stations.
The rule: Basil is damaged below about 50 °F, well before frost: transplant two weeks after the last frost, not on it.
California basil, by step
Statewide median last frost Feb 7, first fall frost Dec 7, 2027 season. Each cultivar's own indoor lead time and days to maturity, same engine as the Plan Builder.
| Cultivar | Start indoors | Plant out | First harvest | Days |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genovese BasilGenovese | Jan 10 | Feb 21 | Apr 22 | 60 from transplant |
Tight means first harvest lands within two weeks of the median first fall frost. Statewide dates are the ZIP-weighted median of every NOAA 1991–2020 station California's ZIP codes resolve to; 375 of 1,801 ZIPs have no datable freeze and are left out.
Basil in California, city by city
Genovese Basil, scheduled from each city's nearest NOAA station — the same dates as its frost page.
| City | Last frost | Start indoors | Plant out | First harvest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeleszone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| San Diegozone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| San Josezone 9b | Jan 2 | Dec 5 | Jan 16 | Mar 17 |
| Fresnozone 9b | Jan 14 | Dec 17 | Jan 28 | Mar 29 |
| Sacramentozone 9b | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| Long Beachzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Oaklandzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Bakersfieldzone 9b | Jan 31 | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Anaheimzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Stocktonzone 9b | Feb 5 | Jan 8 | Feb 19 | Apr 20 |
| Riversidezone 10a | Jan 9 | Dec 12 | Jan 23 | Mar 24 |
| Irvinezone 10a | Jan 5 | Dec 8 | Jan 19 | Mar 20 |
| Santa Anazone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Chula Vistazone 10b | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Santa Claritazone 10a | Jan 8 | Dec 11 | Jan 22 | Mar 23 |
| Fremontzone 10a | Jan 1 | Dec 4 | Jan 15 | Mar 16 |
| San Bernardinozone 10a | May 5 | Apr 7 | May 19 | Jul 18 |
| Modestozone 9b | Jan 31 | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Fontanazone 10a | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Moreno Valleyzone 9b | Jan 10 | Dec 13 | Jan 24 | Mar 25 |
| Oxnardzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Huntington Beachzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Glendalezone 10a | Jan 8 | Dec 11 | Jan 22 | Mar 23 |
| Ontariozone 10a | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Elk Grovezone 9b | Feb 2 | Jan 5 | Feb 16 | Apr 17 |
| Santa Rosazone 9a | Feb 25 | Jan 28 | Mar 11 | May 10 |
| Rancho Cucamongazone 10a | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Garden Grovezone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Oceansidezone 10a | Jan 23 | Dec 26 | Feb 6 | Apr 7 |
| Lancasterzone 8a | Apr 3 | Mar 6 | Apr 17 | Jun 16 |
| Rosevillezone 9b | Feb 25 | Jan 28 | Mar 11 | May 10 |
| Palmdalezone 8b | Mar 10 | Feb 10 | Mar 24 | May 23 |
| Coronazone 10a | Jan 17 | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Apr 1 |
| Salinaszone 9b | Jan 29 | Jan 1 | Feb 12 | Apr 13 |
| Haywardzone 10a | Jan 2 | Dec 5 | Jan 16 | Mar 17 |
| Sunnyvalezone 10a | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Escondidozone 10a | Jan 2 | Dec 5 | Jan 16 | Mar 17 |
| Pomonazone 10a | Jan 8 | Dec 11 | Jan 22 | Mar 23 |
| Visaliazone 9b | Jan 23 | Dec 26 | Feb 6 | Apr 7 |
| Victorvillezone 8b | Mar 18 | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | May 31 |
| Fullertonzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Torrancezone 10b | Jan 9 | Dec 12 | Jan 23 | Mar 24 |
| Orangezone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Pasadenazone 10a | Jan 8 | Dec 11 | Jan 22 | Mar 23 |
| Santa Clarazone 9b | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| Cloviszone 9b | Jan 14 | Dec 17 | Jan 28 | Mar 29 |
| Simi Valleyzone 10a | Jan 24 | Dec 27 | Feb 7 | Apr 8 |
| Thousand Oakszone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Concordzone 9b | Jan 9 | Dec 12 | Jan 23 | Mar 24 |
| Vallejozone 9b | Mar 5 | Feb 5 | Mar 19 | May 18 |
| Fairfieldzone 9b | Jan 15 | Dec 18 | Jan 29 | Mar 30 |
| Berkeleyzone 10a | Jan 3 | Dec 6 | Jan 17 | Mar 18 |
| Antiochzone 9b | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| Menifeezone 9b | Jan 28 | Dec 31 | Feb 11 | Apr 12 |
| Richmondzone 10a | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Carlsbadzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Murrietazone 9b | Feb 2 | Jan 5 | Feb 16 | Apr 17 |
| Temeculazone 9b | Feb 2 | Jan 5 | Feb 16 | Apr 17 |
| Santa Mariazone 9b | Feb 4 | Jan 7 | Feb 18 | Apr 19 |
| San Buenaventura (Ventura)zone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Downeyzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Costa Mesazone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Jurupa Valleyzone 10a | Jan 9 | Dec 12 | Jan 23 | Mar 24 |
| West Covinazone 10a | Jan 8 | Dec 11 | Jan 22 | Mar 23 |
| Rialtozone 10a | Jan 10 | Dec 13 | Jan 24 | Mar 25 |
| El Montezone 10b | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Vacavillezone 9b | Feb 18 | Jan 21 | Mar 4 | May 3 |
| Burbankzone 10a | Jan 2 | Dec 5 | Jan 16 | Mar 17 |
| El Cajonzone 10a | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| San Mateozone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Chicozone 9b | Mar 4 | Feb 4 | Mar 18 | May 17 |
| Inglewoodzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Hesperiazone 8b | May 5 | Apr 7 | May 19 | Jul 18 |
| Daly Cityzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Tracyzone 9b | Jan 19 | Dec 22 | Feb 2 | Apr 3 |
| Vistazone 10a | Jan 30 | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Apr 14 |
| Norwalkzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| San Marcoszone 10a | Jan 2 | Dec 5 | Jan 16 | Mar 17 |
| Mercedzone 9a | Mar 3 | Feb 3 | Mar 17 | May 16 |
| Mantecazone 9b | Feb 6 | Jan 9 | Feb 20 | Apr 21 |
| Indiozone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Chinozone 9b | Jan 17 | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Apr 1 |
| Reddingzone 9a | Mar 3 | Feb 3 | Mar 17 | May 16 |
| Hemetzone 9b | Jan 31 | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Mission Viejozone 10b | Jan 5 | Dec 8 | Jan 19 | Mar 20 |
| Carsonzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Comptonzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| South Gatezone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Santa Monicazone 11a | frost rare | Dec 18 | Jan 29 | Mar 30 |
| Westminsterzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Folsomzone 9b | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| Mountain Viewzone 9b | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Santa Barbarazone 10b | Jan 13 | Dec 16 | Jan 27 | Mar 28 |
| Lake Forestzone 10b | Jan 5 | Dec 8 | Jan 19 | Mar 20 |
| Citrus Heightszone 9b | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| San Leandrozone 10a | Jan 7 | Dec 10 | Jan 21 | Mar 22 |
| San Ramonzone 9b | Feb 15 | Jan 18 | Mar 1 | Apr 30 |
| Whittierzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Livermorezone 9b | Feb 15 | Jan 18 | Mar 1 | Apr 30 |
| Rancho Cordovazone 9b | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| Hawthornezone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Perriszone 9b | Jan 10 | Dec 13 | Jan 24 | Mar 25 |
| Redwood Cityzone 10a | Jan 17 | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Apr 1 |
| Newport Beachzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Buena Parkzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Alhambrazone 10a | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Milpitaszone 10a | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| Uplandzone 10a | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Tustinzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Alamedazone 10a | Jan 7 | Dec 10 | Jan 21 | Mar 22 |
| Lakewoodzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Chino Hillszone 10a | Jan 17 | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Apr 1 |
| Pittsburgzone 9b | Jan 9 | Dec 12 | Jan 23 | Mar 24 |
| Napazone 9b | Feb 12 | Jan 15 | Feb 26 | Apr 27 |
| Bellflowerzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Pleasantonzone 9b | Feb 15 | Jan 18 | Mar 1 | Apr 30 |
| Rocklinzone 9b | Feb 25 | Jan 28 | Mar 11 | May 10 |
| Apple Valleyzone 8b | Mar 18 | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | May 31 |
| Redlandszone 10a | Jan 27 | Dec 30 | Feb 10 | Apr 11 |
| Lake Elsinorezone 9b | Jan 28 | Dec 31 | Feb 11 | Apr 12 |
| Turlockzone 9b | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Tularezone 9b | Jan 23 | Dec 26 | Feb 6 | Apr 7 |
| Walnut Creekzone 9b | Mar 8 | Feb 8 | Mar 22 | May 21 |
| Eastvalezone 10a | Jan 17 | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Apr 1 |
| Dublinzone 9b | Feb 15 | Jan 18 | Mar 1 | Apr 30 |
| Camarillozone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Baldwin Parkzone 10a | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Yuba Cityzone 9b | Feb 11 | Jan 14 | Feb 25 | Apr 26 |
| Maderazone 9b | Feb 12 | Jan 15 | Feb 26 | Apr 27 |
| Lodizone 9b | Feb 9 | Jan 12 | Feb 23 | Apr 24 |
| Redondo Beachzone 11a | frost rare | Dec 18 | Jan 29 | Mar 30 |
| Palo Altozone 9b | Feb 1 | Jan 4 | Feb 15 | Apr 16 |
| Daviszone 9b | Feb 10 | Jan 13 | Feb 24 | Apr 25 |
| Yorba Lindazone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Brentwoodzone 9b | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| Union Cityzone 9b | Jan 2 | Dec 5 | Jan 16 | Mar 17 |
| South San Franciscozone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Laguna Niguelzone 10b | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Lynwoodzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Portervillezone 9b | Feb 20 | Jan 23 | Mar 6 | May 5 |
| Woodlandzone 9b | Feb 7 | Jan 10 | Feb 21 | Apr 22 |
| San Clementezone 10b | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Santa Cruzzone 9b | Jan 29 | Jan 1 | Feb 12 | Apr 13 |
| La Habrazone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Encinitaszone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| La Mesazone 10b | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Montebellozone 10b | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Hanfordzone 9a | Feb 7 | Jan 10 | Feb 21 | Apr 22 |
| Gilroyzone 9b | Feb 24 | Jan 27 | Mar 10 | May 9 |
| San Rafaelzone 10a | Jan 11 | Dec 14 | Jan 25 | Mar 26 |
| Beaumontzone 9b | Jan 31 | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Petalumazone 9b | Feb 28 | Jan 31 | Mar 14 | May 13 |
| Pico Riverazone 10b | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Santeezone 10a | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Gardenazone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Cupertinozone 9b | Mar 21 | Feb 21 | Apr 4 | Jun 3 |
| National Cityzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Monterey Parkzone 10b | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Highlandzone 10a | Jan 27 | Dec 30 | Feb 10 | Apr 11 |
| Lincolnzone 9a | Feb 25 | Jan 28 | Mar 11 | May 10 |
| Fountain Valleyzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| West Sacramentozone 9b | Feb 2 | Jan 5 | Feb 16 | Apr 17 |
| San Jacintozone 9b | Jan 31 | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Arcadiazone 10a | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Yucaipazone 9b | Jan 27 | Dec 30 | Feb 10 | Apr 11 |
| Coltonzone 10a | Jan 10 | Dec 13 | Jan 24 | Mar 25 |
| Placentiazone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Delanozone 9b | Jan 31 | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Palm Desertzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Cathedral Cityzone 10a | Jan 9 | Dec 12 | Jan 23 | Mar 24 |
| Novatozone 9b | Jan 11 | Dec 14 | Jan 25 | Mar 26 |
| Diamond Barzone 10a | Jan 8 | Dec 11 | Jan 22 | Mar 23 |
| Huntington Parkzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Watsonvillezone 9b | Jan 31 | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Paramountzone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Aliso Viejozone 10b | Jan 6 | Dec 9 | Jan 20 | Mar 21 |
| Glendorazone 10a | Jan 8 | Dec 11 | Jan 22 | Mar 23 |
| San Luis Obispozone 9b | Jan 16 | Dec 19 | Jan 30 | Mar 31 |
| Rosemeadzone 10b | Jan 4 | Dec 7 | Jan 18 | Mar 19 |
| Powayzone 10a | Mar 4 | Feb 4 | Mar 18 | May 17 |
| Cypresszone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Cereszone 9b | Jan 31 | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Covinazone 10a | Jan 8 | Dec 11 | Jan 22 | Mar 23 |
| Los Banoszone 9a | Jan 26 | Dec 29 | Feb 9 | Apr 10 |
| Azusazone 10a | Apr 28 | Mar 31 | May 12 | Jul 11 |
| Breazone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Oakleyzone 9b | Jan 12 | Dec 15 | Jan 26 | Mar 27 |
| Cerritoszone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| La Miradazone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Rancho Santa Margaritazone 10b | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
| Newarkzone 10a | Jan 1 | Dec 4 | Jan 15 | Mar 16 |
| Morgan Hillzone 9b | Feb 24 | Jan 27 | Mar 10 | May 9 |
| Palm Springszone 10a | Jan 9 | Dec 12 | Jan 23 | Mar 24 |
| Coachellazone 10a | Feb 7 | Jan 10 | Feb 21 | Apr 22 |
| Hollisterzone 9b | Feb 19 | Jan 22 | Mar 5 | May 4 |
| Rohnert Parkzone 9a | Feb 28 | Jan 31 | Mar 14 | May 13 |
| El Centrozone 10a | Jan 3 | Dec 6 | Jan 17 | Mar 18 |
| Lompoczone 10a | Jan 20 | Dec 23 | Feb 3 | Apr 4 |
| Danvillezone 9b | Mar 8 | Feb 8 | Mar 22 | May 21 |
| Campbellzone 9b | Feb 2 | Jan 5 | Feb 16 | Apr 17 |
| San Brunozone 10a | Jan 11 | Dec 14 | Jan 25 | Mar 26 |
| Stantonzone 10a | frost rare | Jan 3 | Feb 14 | Apr 15 |
What these basil become
What California basil need
Genovese Sweet Basil Seed
The large-leaf, low-anise Italian basil that pesto is defined by. Thai and lemon basils are good plants and wrong ingredients.
Organic Seed Starter Potting MixMust have
Seed-starting mix is not potting soil with a nicer label — it is finer, lighter, and low in nutrients on purpose, because a seedling's first roots want air and moisture, not fertiliser.
T8 Full-Spectrum Grow Lights, 1 ft 4-packMust have
A south window in March delivers a fraction of the light a pepper seedling needs, and the plant tells you by stretching. Two inches of LED above the canopy for 16 hours a day fixes it permanently.
5-Gallon Fabric Grow Bags, 5-Pack
Fabric pots air-prune roots and drain faster than a plastic pot can, which is the entire reason container tomatoes fail. Five gallons is the honest minimum for a pepper; a tomato wants ten.
Ocean Forest Potting SoilMust have
Pre-charged with enough nutrition to carry a transplant for its first month without feeding, which is exactly the window when most container plants stall.
6" Micro-Tip Pruning SnipsMust have
Ninety percent of sauce-garden cutting is snipping a pepper stem or a basil node, and a fine-tipped snip does it better than any pruner. Pulling peppers by hand tears the branch.
Mesh Strainers, Stainless, 3-Count
The last pass before bottling. A fine mesh catches the skin fragments and seed shards that make a hot sauce gritty and clog a woozy bottle's dripper insert.
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Basil in California: questions
When should I plant basil in California?
Transplant around Feb 21 at the statewide median; across the state that date runs from Jan 19 in the warmest tenth of California's ZIP codes to May 18 in the coldest. To cut the freeze risk to one year in ten, count from Mar 12 instead of the median last frost. Use the city table for your own town.
When do I start basil seeds indoors in California?
Around Jan 10 for Genovese Basil: 4 weeks before the statewide median last frost, on soil held at 70–80 °F.
When is the last frost in California?
The ZIP-weighted median of NOAA 1991–2020 station medians is Feb 7. In the warmest tenth of California's ZIP codes the median last frost falls on or before Jan 5; in the coldest tenth, on or after May 4.
When will California basil be ready to harvest?
Genovese Basil planted on the statewide date is ready around Apr 22: 60 days from transplant.
More for California
- When to plant tomatoes
- When to plant peppers
- When to plant tomatillos
- When to plant onions
- When to plant cilantro
- When to plant carrots
- When to plant mustard greens
Basil in every state → · California frost dates → · How frost-date math works →